TECHNOLOGY
ALT-019 is a chelation (specific bond) of minerals with oxygen in liquid form. The molecule is purposely designed to be weakly bound together such that when it comes in contact with inorganics, microorganisms and organic matter, it readily gives off oxygen atoms that aggressively oxidizes all desired contaminants. The reactivity of mineral oxychlorides is closely matched to ozone, but without the problems associated with dissolving a gas in water.
ALT-019 was developed as a modern disinfectant to take advantage of the well-established knowledge of oxygen toxicity that penetrates the cell wall, allowing single oxygen to enter the cell. This allows disruption of the cellular DNA structure, preventing the cell from reproduction. This applies to a host of harmful pathogens and micro-organisms, molds and fungus.
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ALT-019 is a liquid based ionic solution engineered to improve the utilization of oxidation energy which improves the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) when blended or added to water. ALT-019 addresses the need to disinfect and eliminate harmful pathogens and invasive species such as slimes, biofilms, algae, molds, mussels (zebra and quagga), bacteria, viruses, yeasts, and protozoa.
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It also promotes the precipitation of magnesium, sulfur, iron, reduces bromates, ozone demand, and improves zeta potential and the reduction of total suspended solids (TSS).
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ALT-019 IS EFFECTIVE FOR:
• Disinfectant; kills bacteria
• Oxidation of organics
• Oxidation of inorganics
• Color and odor removal; sulfur and organic odors
• Algae Control
• Micro coagulation aiding filtration
• BOD/COD reduction
ALT-019 Versus Conventional Disinfectants
TYPICAL HARMFUL PATHOGEN ELIMINATION
Test conducted by (State-certified) Pat-Chem Laboratories, Dec 2019.
Method SM 9221F. Reporting limit 1.8 MPN/100ml
THE REACTIVITY OF ALT-019
1. Inorganics: A concentration of less than 1.0 mg/L per mg/L of organic
2. Pathogens: A concentration of 1.0 mg/L per 1,000 -10,000 mg/L pathogen
3. Organics: A concentration of 1.0 mg/L-8.0 mg/L per 1.0 mg/L organics
4. Residual: The byproducts of mineral oxychlorides are mineral oxides that are effective against bacterial recontamination hence providing a protective residue that kills bacteria.
HOW & WHY ALT-019 WORKS
The formation of metal oxy-complexes results in the loss of "normal" reactions of metal ions in solution. The fact that metal ions do not behave as expected is an indication that these ions are present in very low concentrations.
What would normally precipitate a metal ion from a solution will not work with metal oxy-complexes, because the metal, while in an oxy-complex formation, is deactivated from its expected behavior. Metals are normally expected to precipitate in an oxide, but the formation, of mineral -metal-oxy-ion, shelled by water, keeps the metal in solution, thus de-activating the metal ion from normal behavior.
Under this condition, no precipitation occurs until the concentration of the metal ion rises to a value such that the solubility product of the insoluble salt is exceeded.
A VERY HIGHLY OXIDIZING SPECIES
The stability of the oxy-complexes strongly depends on the pH and the matrices formed between and with minerals and metals (Ca, K, Cl, Mn ,Mg). In the presence of proton donors, they undergo decomposition to yield peroxide.
Furthermore, it is generally accepted that peroxide yields hydroxyl radicals, as a result of catalytic reactions in the presence of metal ions. By this mechanism, the oxy-complex of the metal would produce hydroxyl radicals on contact with organic materials at the point where the metal is bound.
This reaction will also place the metal in a higher valence state, which is also a highly oxidizing species.
IONIC INTERACTIONS
Ionized atoms/molecules do not share an electron with water (bonding) but rather conduct ionic interactions with the water shell around them.
The formation of metal-oxy-complexes are accompanied by a decrease in ionic activity of the metal , and hence an increase in its oxidation potential.
In general , coordination with a donor group (oxygen species) increases the oxidation potential, and increases the relative stability of the higher valence state. It is these kinetics that defines the activity of ALT-019.
METAL ALTERS THE REACTION
In the formation of metal-oxy-complexes always result in a reduction in the rate of what is considered to be the normal reactions of these metals in solution.
Metal-oxy-complexes always result in a reduction in the rate of reaction. In the presence of Ca, K, Cl, Mg of Mn bridging weak bonds are made between oxy-complexes of these compounds, forming transient matrixes.
Although the solution may show no apparent changes accompanying the metal-oxy-complex formation, the reactivity of the metal is first limited to be a catalyst between the oxygen and a reactant (organic compound) and then secondly by its transitional oxidation state, when all oxygen molecules are released.
WATER FORMING SHELL
Water, by forming a shell around a metal=oxy-complex, enables the complex to retain its energy for extended times (residual ORP).
This water shell, because of its hydrogen bonding with organics, becomes a bridge that delivers the metal-oxy-complex to a weak spot on the organic compound.
Depending on the properties of the organic reactant, the water shell will either help the metal-oxy-complex regenerate (regain active oxygen species) or decompose ( lose all active oxygen molecules).
MORE EFFECTIVE THAN OZONE
In an existing system that applies ozone, ALT-019 offers an advanced oxidation adjunct to supplement ozone to improve the breakdown and removal of oxidizable organics and inorganics that ozone alone cannot oxidize.
Another consequence from the supplemental application of ALT-019 is the reduction of ozone demand.
Weaknesses and Deficiencies of Ozone
Though ozone is an excellent oxidizer, it has weaknesses and deficiencies in its performance that should be understood. Weaknesses and consequences of using ozone include:
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1. The difficulties of dispersing a gas in water.
2. Generation of bromates as related to the amount of ozone injected.
3. Too aggressive ozonation will emulsify flocculants and reduce their effectiveness for clarification.
4. Oxidation occurs at the point of injection with no downstream residual of oxidation energy.
5. Cannot provide sufficient contact time and ORP values above +400mV
surviving organics enables microbe recontamination and colorization.
ORP (OXIDATION REDUCTION POTENTIAL)
Since all organisms have a relative tolerance to the presence of reactive oxygen species {ROS) , there is a direct relationship between ORP measurement and the tolerance of the organism to that ORP. Once the ORP "tolerance" level is exceeded, the organism is stressed and killed.
Therefore ORP provides a direct relationship to the available energy to "oxidize" the organic load of the body of water, regardless of the organic loading, if a target ORP is maintained, the level of oxidation/disinfection desired will be achieved.
All ORP energy is not coming from the "oxidizer" , but is contributed by the reactive oxygen species {ROS) released from the oxidized species. These catalytic reactions are referred to as Haber-Weiss or Fenton reactions built in to ALT-019, along with the ROS ALT-019. It can be said that ALT-019 perpetuates the release of highly active forms of oxygen.